Women in Baseball
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League was conceived in the fall/winter of 1942-43 in an effort to keep baseball alive in the face of a Major League Baseball player shortage caused by World War II.
Spearheading the initiative was Chicago Cubs owner Philip K. Wrigley, in concert with Dodgers' President Branch Rickey and attorney Paul V. Harper.
The rules of play, for the most part, mirrored those of Major League Baseball.
The players were primarily recruited from women's softball leagues, so underhand pitching was utilized initially, but longer base paths and pitching distance allowed leading off and stealing from the beginning.
The players adapted to longer base paths and smaller baseballs, and the move to make the women's game identical to the men's continued.
Side-arm pitching was introduced in 1947, and overhand pitching in 1948.
The following year, a red-seam, 10-inch ball was adopted, and it enhanced completion of the league's transition from softball to baseball.
Players complied with dress codes and curfews, braved sliding in short-skirted uniforms, and endured charm school training.
The number of teams increased from the original four in 1943 to ten in 1948, and attendance rose from 176,000 to 910,000.
However, the advent of televised Major League games and decreased promotion and player procurement by league administrators in the 1950s contributed to the AAGPBL's demise after the 1954 season.
In the spring of 1987, former AAGPBL players began a campaign for recognition by the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, NY.
In November of 1988, they realized their goal: the Hall of Fame unveiled a permanent Women in Baseball exhibit.
Film director Penny Marshall, determined to tell the story of the AAGPBL, released A League of Their Own in 1992.
The popular film garnered the league worldwide recognition which continues to this day.